This chapter focuses on industrialisation experiences and industrialisation strategies in developing countries, since 1945. The chapter opens with a discussion of the inward-looking industrialisation strategies of the post-war period.

As time passed, the shortcomings of the post-war approaches became more apparent. Alternatives arose such as unbalanced growth, the balanced growth path approach, encouraging small scale and informal enterprises and  export-oriented industrialisation. 

In the discussion of export-oriented industrialisation, the role of multinational enterprises and the emergence of global production chains receive special attention.